The root note in this chord is C, and the distances between C and the other notes in the chord are called intervals. Different intervals create harmonies with distinct tones. In relation to C, E is a major third and G is a perfect fifth. These intervals blend well with the root note, creating a pleasing harmony.
On a piano, a half-step is the distance between 2 keys that are right next to each other. For a white key that’s next to a black key, the black key counts as a half-step and the next white key over is a full step. However, white keys like E and F, which aren’t separated by a black key, are a half-step apart. Sing or hum along as you play root notes and major thirds on the keyboard. Play a note, then count 4 half-steps and play that note. Singing a root note and its major third will help you learn how to find a good harmony note by ear any time you hear a melody.
Count 3 half-steps to find a root note’s minor third. Sing or hum along as you play a root note and its minor third. While there are countless exceptions, in Western music, composers often use minor thirds to evoke sadness and major chords to convey happiness. Understanding major and minor thirds is key, whether you want to write harmonies or sing a harmony by ear when you hear a tune.
For instance, the harmony note doesn’t need to change with the melody to maintain a major third interval. It may stay the same until the melody moves to a note that clashes with it. Experiment with note combinations to get a feel for coming up with your own harmonies. If notes clash or sound bad together, try moving the harmony note the same number of steps as the melody.
A piano or virtual keyboard app can help you visualize the relationships between notes, which is the foundation of harmonizing.
As you listen to a song, work on memorizing the harmony. To make things easier, look online for harmony-only tracks of the song.
Additionally, note any rough spots when you listen to recordings of yourself singing. If necessary, spend extra time practicing those sections of the song to improve your pitch and timing.
Then, have someone sing “five” at G while the other 2 hold a C and E, respectively. After practicing C-E-G, try other combinations, such as G-B-D and F-A-C. If you’re practicing with 1 other person, just work on 2-part harmonies.
If you’re in a choir, don’t rely on others in your section (such as other altos or baritones) to stay on track. Additionally, don’t assume that you’ll always be surrounded by other members of your section when you perform. If you have trouble sticking to your part, practice singing with a recording of the melody. Play it softly at first, then gradually increase the volume. [11] X Research source
If you’re a soprano and want to harmonize better, try to join a choir as an alto. Sopranos usually sing the melody, while alto, tenor, and baritone sections sing harmonies.
Additionally, consider taking classes in music theory to learn more about how harmonizing works.
